biology
(inorganic chemistry)
1st year |
principles of chemical bonding and molecular structure, and their application to the chemistry of representative elements of the periodic system.
-classification of compounds based on their properties. Partly ,the position in the periodic table of the heaviest element (the element with the highest atomic weight) in the compound.
Theories of electronic structure, stereochemistry, and symmetry properties of inorganic molecules. Topics: ionic and covalent interactions, electron-deficient bonding, and molecular orbital theories.
the scientific study of the elements and their compounds, . Includes instruction in the characterization and synthesis of non-carbon molecules, including their structure and their bonding, conductivity, and reactive properties; research techniques such as spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and photoelectron analysis; and the study of specific compounds, understanding of the properties that result from collective interactions between the subunits of the solid. .
The mechanisms of reactions are discussed differently for different classes of compounds. |
Plant biology 1
(Cell and morphology)
1st year |
The theoretical part: brief historical _ organization and the structure(cell wall ,vacuoles and plastid (
-morphology : which is the description of the physical form and external structure of plants . and classification of plants ,seeds ,forms , function ,sources, adaption and the effect of environment factors.
-plant anatomy: the study of the internal structure of plants,
The practical part :the study of plant cellular structure, types ,mutation
Plant anatomy: tissues, anatomy structure of ; root ,stem and leaf |
Plant biology 2
Plant reproduction
1styear |
The theoretical part : introduction about classification of plants, production of new individuals in plants, which can be accomplished by sexual or asexual reproduction.
Reproduction of viruses & cyanobacteria(blue-green algae.
Algae: sexual and asexual reproduction ,lifecycles ,phases of nuclear.
Fungi: reproduction and Life cycles of ( molds ,imperfect fungi , ascomycetes….etc )and Gymnosperms .
The practical part : study about the root, stem anatomy structure of monocotyledons and dicotyledons
Study of reproduction of algae (red, golden ,green) ,cyanobacteria(blue-green algae), molds, yeasts, lichens, Mycorrhizae |
| Plant genetic2nd year |
The theoretical part : Gene analysis _ mutagenesis _ the study of chromosomes and Mandel method .
Linkage and crossing over ,genetic mapping, Structure and function of genes, chromosomes, and genomes. Biological variation resulting from recombination, mutation, and selection. Applications of genetic.
Genetic engineering.
Mutation : definition ,frequency , types and aneuploidy .
Sterilization and extranuclear inheritance, mutation (typically caused by radiation or chemical mutagens)
The practical part : fixation and coloring
Mitosis, mitotic index , Meiosis , methods of Microscopic measurement - Chemical and radiological factors affecting on chromosomes _ Adaptive changes
|
plant ecology
2nd year |
The theoretical part : The principles of ecology.
conception of ecology ,matter and energy.
Site ground and energy sources.
Ecosphere : Definition, The emergence of Ecology and evolution .
Environmental factors.
Ecosystem : conception ,types, evolution , the productivity of ecosystems and Food chains.
Bio-geochemical cycles : ( C,N,P,H2O)cycles.
Environmental problems : aridity ,salinity, pollution ,and global warming .
Find solutions.
The practical part : climatic factors , climatic diagram
Soil: profile ,physical and chemical properties.
Adaption: relations vital, interactions among between plants and other organisms, and interactions of organisms with their environment. |
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
2nd year |
The theoretical part : the study of internal dynamics and systems of plant ,
plant-environment interaction. life cycles and processes of plant . instruction in cell and molecular biology; plant nutrition; plant respiration; plant growth, behavior, photosynthesis; plant systems.
Fundamental processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrition, functions of plant hormone,,, photoperiodism, photo morphogenesis, , environmental stress physiology, seed germination, dormancy and stomata function and transpiration, both parts of plant water relations, plant physiologists.
The practical part : No practical |
Plant taxonomy
2nd year |
The theoretical part : finds, identifies, describes, classifies, and names plants.-- Classification criteria. basis of Scientific label, herbarium.
-plant species :study of array ,describing the cultivated plants of particular regions (horticultural floras); herbaria and other information about cultivated plants.
The practical part : General concepts about plant, trek field _ Keys of taxonomy ( genus ,species, family)
For example: Rosaceae, oleaceae, asteriaceae, liliaceae. |
Biological control
3rd year |
Preliminary concepts & history .method of controlling pests (including insects, mites, weeds and plant diseases)using other living organisms, (fungi , bacteria, viruses and nematodes ,predation, parasitism, herbivory, or other natural mechanisms, biological control agents,
The practical part : Insect pests , the Importance of fungi, bacteria and viruses in biological control |
Ecology and plant geographic distribution
3rd year |
The geographic distribution of plant species and their influence on the earth's surface. the factors that govern the composition of entire communities and floras,. biotic and abiotic interactions in influencing plant , a study of the flora of some territory or area.
Continental — botanical continents
Regional or sub-continental;
"Botanical Country"(in Syria)
The ecology and distribution of the species in Syria . families of the Syria 's flora with examples of genera and species that belong to those families. The Endemism in the Syria 's flora ,A nature reserve
the practical part : the climatic diagram , climatic mapping (thermometer, pluviograph,..)emerge s climatic diagram , humid-thermal coefficient, vegetation map in Syria , aridity index , The Endemism |
Gymnosperms
3rd year |
The theoretical part: 1- Bryophyta: anthocerotae, hepaticae, mousses(sphagndae, andreaeidae, eubrya).
2- pteriophyta: psilopsida, lycopsida, sphenopsida, filicopsida.
3- gymnosperms: ginkgoatae, pinatae, cycadopytina.
The practical part : study sxamples of bryophyte ( anthoceros, funaria, polytricum, hypnum…) and of pteridophyta ( bsilotum, selaginalla, equiseturn…) , examples of gymnosperms ( ginkgo, pin laricio, cycas , zamia , ephedra ….)
Study morphology and anatomy of : funaria, equistum , pin loricia and ephedra |
| Thallophytic |
theoretical part: 1- viruses and bacteria
Viruses : structure, forms, types.
Bacteriophage, fungi, algae
Bacteria : cellular structure, spores, growth, germination, diseases, classification .
2- algae: classification , forms, types, importance of ( red, brown, golden , green, diatoms…)
3- fungi: classification , types, importance of ( myxomycota, basidio, ….)
The practical part : 1 bacteria: study types of bacteria, method of coloring, culture of bacterial
2-algae: study samples , classification, coloring , germination.
3- fungi: classification, examples of fungi and germination |
Angiosperms
3rd year |
The theoretical part: Evolutionary history . Adaptability, - formal and anatomical and functional properties , difference between dicotyledons and Monocots , classification of dicotyledons and monocotyledons ,
Curriculum Practical: the use of floral diagrams - the use of pollens and pores in distinguishing some species of Angiosperms- the definition and classification of fifty species of Angiosperms in Syria - round field to study the flora of the Mediterranean coast Syrian. |
plant ecophysiology
3rd year |
Plant environment: flora- light ,climate,- plant response to physical factors such as radiation (including light and ultraviolet radiation), temperature, and wind. water relations ,and the stress of drought or inundation, exchange of gases with the atmosphere, study of plant response to biological factors, The cycles of chemical elements of plants, Plant hormones, dormancy, and germination. photosynthesis in plants.
The practical part : water relations, mineral nutrients( inorganic ions) ,growth, dormancy, and germination, environmental factors, tissues culture, enzymes and the chemical pigments |
Environment Microbiology
4th year |
Introduction , ecosystems of microorganisms, distribution, microbial diversity, environmental factors, environmental problems causing by microorganisms activities.
The practical part: properties of water and soil, study of microorganisms that found in (water, soil, air), bio relationships |
Applied environment
4th year |
Environmental dangers, toxins, radiation biologist, environmental legislation , pollution , observation of air, pollution of soil and water , noise pollution , environmentalism, radioactive contamination
The practical part: water method sampling , soil and air method sampling, the effect of toxic substances and radioactive material. |
Phytoplankton
4th year |
The theoretical part : introduction , the concept of phytoplankton , morphological and physiological adaption , phytoplankton structure, forms classification , environmental factors effect on productivity.
The practical part: method sampling , study of phytoplankton that found in fresh water and sea , germination. |
Plant genetics
(The principles of election and Improvement)
4th year |
Self-fertilization , asexual reproduction , apogamic, sexual reproduction , sterility, method of selection and productivity .
Hybridization between plant species.
Heterocyst, mutation, hybridization.
Deceases genes, resistance genes.
Gene analysis, mutagenesis, transposable elements; developmental genetics of flowering and embryo development; scientific and societal lessons from transgenic plants.
genetically modified foods and the challenges of the future
the practical part : Principles of Statistics and Probability , Notation and diagrams, chromosomes mapping, the morphological changes of pollen, a field tour. |
Population ecology
4th year |
Introduction , the concept of population , population size and its estimates, population growth and effected factors, population regulation , plant communities , the concept of biotic communities, diversity and factors affecting niche, dominance, naming and classification of biotic communities, changes, biorelationships, productivity , Syrian plant communities.
The practical part ; structure of plant community , method of study , diversity measurement and study of effected factors, fresh water communities, productivity, |
